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The opening of the Red Sea: archaeological and historical evidence of the event

Many researchers have tried for years to find the exact place where the miracle took place the opening of the Red Sea. For centuries, none of them was able to explain what had gone the mighty army of Pharaoh, until the end of the twentieth century, was a significant turning point in this sense.

The following study presents very interesting data about the results of new research.

The route of the Exodus
At the time of slavery, the Jews lived in the Nile Delta region, in a place called Ra'msès .

The children of Israel journeyed from Ra'msès to Sukkot, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides children. ( Shemot 12, 37)

After leaving Egypt, the Jews have stayed in the village of Sukkot, located at the northern end of the Strait di Suez.

La localizzazione di Sukkòt
Esiste una località denominata “Tharu”, “T’aru” o “Takut” che corrisponde precisamente alla descrizione di Sukkòt. Da alcuni antichi manoscritti emerge che “Tharu era situata presso il delta” o Ra’msès, “dove gli ebrei avevano risieduto. Era anche il luogo dove l’esercito egizio si preparava per uscire verso il nord”.

Giuseppe Flavio, nella sua opera Antichità (libro II, cap. X) scrive: “In quanto guida militare, Moshè conosceva Tharu; fu lì che preparò il suo enorme esercito all’Esodo. From there they left for Etam.

Next stop: Etam

departed from Sukkot, and encamped in Etam, at the edge of the desert ( Shemot 13, 20)

Etam was located at the end of desert near the Red Sea (or Sea of \u200b\u200bReeds): God did so to divert the people through the desert, towards the Sea of \u200b\u200bReeds, the children of Israel went up armed out of Egypt ( Shemot 13, 18 )

From the desert to the sea
While the Jewish people traveled il deserto, in fuga dall’esercito egizio, Hashèm disse a Moshè di dirigersi verso sud e di raggiungere il mare. A quel punto gli ebrei dovettero percorrere un wadi che portava appunto alla costa:

«Parla a figli di Israèl, che tornino indietro e si accampino dinanzi Pi Hakiròt, tra Migdòl e il mare, dinanzi a Ba’al Tzefòn, di fronte a esso, accampatevi presso il mare. Par’ò dirà dei figli di Israèl: “Essi sono intrappolati, il deserto li ha serrati!” ( Shemòt 14, 2-3).

Da un’attenta analisi delle descrizioni bibliche emerge che per giungere dal deserto del Mare dei Giunchi the coast, the Jews would have to cross a wadi with the following features:

1. that was surrounded by high mountains from which there was no possibility of escape or retreat, that they might be trapped ;
2. that it could accept some million people, in addition to their livestock and their possessions;
3. that leads them to a beach big enough to contain them all.

The only wadis of the region that meets these requirements is called Wafi Watir. It is the only trait that could accommodate the large number of Jews out of Egypt and take them from the desert to the sea.

Still in his work Antiquities (Book II, ch. XV) Josephus adds interesting information on the pursuit of the Jewish people by the militias of the Pharaoh: "They also block the passages from which believed that Jews could flee , closed on the inaccessible precipices and the sea. So the Jews blocked at the point where the mountains were closed by the sea ".

The beach at which occurred the opening of the Sea
Looking at the map of the region can find a single beach big enough to hold at least two million people Nuweiba.

This beach extends over a particularly wide, in which Jews could easily stay with their livestock and their property.

reached the coast, the Jews found themselves literally trapped. They could not go back because of the Egyptian army after them, nor could they go north because the northern end of the beach stood a fortress Egyptian still exists (under renovation).

The southern end of the beach, writes Flavio ( Antiquities, Book II, 3-15) was closed from the mountains: "There stood in fact, impossible to cross a mountain range, which prevented their escape. "

columns
In 1978 they discovered two granite columns equal, that stood on either side of the Strait of the Sea of \u200b\u200bReeds. One of them, found in the beach of Nuweiba, was partly submerged in the inscription that was characterized by almost completely erased. Nuweiba at the time was still in Israel. Subsequently, the column was moved across the street.

L’altra colonna, invece, fu ritrovata sull’altra sponda dello stretto, in territorio arabo-saudita. Su di essa le scritte, in ebraico, erano still legible: מצרים (Egypt); מתו (died); שלמה (Shelomo) אדום (Edom); פרעה (Par'ò) משה (Moses); מים (water) and the Name of Hashem.

Shelomo It is assumed that the king had erected these columns four hundred years after the miracle of the opening of the Red Sea. Its port was located at the northern end of the strait, ie the Gulf of Aqaba, which corresponds to today's Eilat. He conosceva bene il punto in cui gli ebrei attraversarono il Mare, in quanto si trovava proprio in prossimità.

Re Shelomò costruì una nave a ‘Etziyòn Ghèver, che si trovava presso Elòt, sulla costa del Mare dei Giunchi, in terra di Edòm ( Melakhìm I , 9-26).

Inoltre, è probabile che il seguente versetto tratto da Yesha’yà si riferisca alla colonna di cui sopra: In quel giorno verrà eretto un altare per Hashèm in terra d’Egitto e una stele (o colonna) presso il suo confine, per Hashèm, e sarà un segno e una testimonianza per il Dio delle Schiere in Egypt (19, 19).

The wheels of the wagons
From the foregoing, it is clear that the Jews crossed the Red Sea starting from the beach of Nuweiba and achieving what was in front, in the Saudi Arabia, which at the time, according to all the old maps, corresponded to the land of Midyàn.

The children of Israel went into the sea on dry land, and water was their wall to their right and their left. The Egyptians - all Par'ò horses, his chariots and his horsemen - [they] going to chase after them into the sea. It was dawn, which looked Hashem Egyptian camp [to destroy] with a column of smoke and a cloud, ruffling the camp of the Egyptians. He took the wheels of their chariots and treated him harshly. The Egyptians said, "Let us flee from Israel, because Hashem is fighting for them against the Egyptians," ( Shemot 14: 22-25).

In 1978, a researcher named Ron Wyatt (one of the best known in the field) is immersed in the area where, according to the above was the opening of the Sea, namely in the southern part of the beach at Nuweiba. There he found the remains of chariots now covered by a thick layer of coral, which had allowed la preservazione nel corso dei millenni.

Sul fondo del mare furono poi ritrovate ruote a quattro, sei e otto raggi. Wyatt riuscì a portare in superficie il perno di un carro a cui erano attaccati otto raggi di ruota. Lo portò al Cairo a farlo esaminare dal professor Nassif Muhammad Hassan, direttore del reparto di ricerca sulle antichità.

In seguito a un rapido esame, Hassan informò Wyatt del fatto che il reperto risaliva alla XVIII dinastia egizia, che corrisponde a quella che sottopose il popolo ebraico alla schiavitù.

E’ interessante notare che furono ritrovati residui di carri d’oro sulla sponda egiziana del golfo, Nuweiba ie, the point is, where began the crossing of the sea. This type of wagon was used in ceremonies and belonged to higher castes of the society of ancient Egypt. They were not suited to battles like the others, which makes it understandable to the place where they were found: in fact, it is logical that the army chief, which means the first to enter the sea, the soldiers were trained for war, while the nobles and principles were held on the backline and were therefore the last to enter. For this reason, when the sea was closed behind them, they were still close to the coast, or in Nuweiba.

Wyatt also found on the seabed equine and human bones.

In December 1998, researchers Bill Frey and Ron Wyatt, accompanied by eight others, traveled to Nuweiba for a further dive in other waters in the past that Wyatt had found the remains of the above. Frey and a colleague dived and soon found the axle of a wagon at a depth of about two feet under the seabed, which was still attached to a wheel with six spokes, both of which were covered with corals. To ensure that it was indeed residue of battle and not merely on corals, used a metal detector that gave positive signals in all cases, showing that the corals covering materials of this kind.

Other researchers found more wheeled carts and even frames. What most surprised them, however, was the discovery of human bones, some scattered here and there and partly grouped, enclosed within corals.

In May 2000, additional dives were carried out by research teams led by Mark Krassberg Norwegian and other well-known scientists, including the Australian Ron Peterson, the Swedish Vioka Fonteno, the British Michael Redman and Aaron San and the Norwegian Thor Larsen. Among them was also Dr. Lanert Mulla, which has a sophisticated underwater camera, equipped with a remote control. He joined the band, along with other researchers who have any other very sophisticated equipment to search underwater.

With their boat, they sailed in the direction of Saudi Arabia (the other shore of the Sea of \u200b\u200bReeds) and managed to overcome the signal "half way" (between Nuweiba and Saudi Arabia); dived with ' Excalibur 1000, a device that can detect metals that lie even at very great depths. During a dive to a depth of twenty-eight feet of the remains discovered in a circular shape covered with corals, the same size of the wheels of a cart. The pin and six spokes of the wheel were clearly visible. With the help of the detector, were found also many items metal, which are also covered by the corals.

Even on the Saudi side, finally, they found the remains of chariots, which confirms the hypothesis that the route of crossing the sea and departed from Nuweiba reached Saudi Arabia.

Source: Khumash: Exodus - Shemot, January 2010 edition, Mamash (from page. On page 819. 826).