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The walls of the world

You hear often of the barrier built between Israel and the Palestinian territories with the aim of curbing the illegal entry of terrorists on the territory of the Jewish state. Many people complain that this barrier, but they ignore that in the world there are many similar cases, many of them that did not even really a justifiable reason.

course the reasons for the existence of the Israeli barrier no matter what happens elsewhere in the world: those who oppose it but why then does the same with the other walls around the planet?

Record Producer Midi Edition

The Talmud lives despite all the fires we

scary its democratic views in dissonance with the open-sided and dogmatic interpretation of the biblical texts of other religions.

of Scialom BAHBOUT

Serving Gutenberg! If he had not invented the press, perhaps the church would not have found l'occasione buona per mandare al rogo centinaia di copie del Talmud e di altri libri ebraici. Le due più importanti case editrici veneziane di libri ebraici del XVI secolo, Marcantonio Giustiniani e Aloise Bragadin, avevano stampato contemporaneamente nel 1550 il Mishnè Torà di Maimonide: i due tipografi si accusavano a vicenda, sostenendo che la parte avversa aveva usurpato il proprio diritto in merito alla stampa dell’opera. Con la complicità di alcuni ebrei apostati, la disputa fu portata davanti alla corte papale, ma con l’accusa che i libri ebraici, stampati in quelle tipografie, contenevano offese e attacchi contro il cristianesimo.

Il riferimento era in particolare rivolto al Talmud che era stato printed between 1546 and 1551 in the typography of the Giustiniani. Pope Julius III issued August 12, 1553 (corresponding to two of Elul 5313) a bubble that gave the order to burn both the Babylonian Talmud to Jerusalem. He also banned non-Jews read the Talmud, to possess, have in their libraries and to help Jews to reprint or its transcript. Enacted the bubble, all the Jewish houses were searched and all the Jewish books were taken away without any distinction as cop was able to distinguish a prayer book or a Talmud Pentateuch? In fact, the dispute erupted for the church was an opportunity too good to pass up, and so he decided to to burn all the pairs of the Talmud. Rosh Hashanah was the date set for the stake, a choice that which inspired the Nazis also set in the infamous selection in the days of Jewish holidays.

was September 9, 1553, but it did not end there: fires succeeded in later years in Venice, Anconta, Bologna, Ravenna, Ferrara, Mantua, Urbino, Florence and Cremona (1559). Campo de 'Fiori had an important precedent, the stake in Paris in 1244, who is remembered in Shibbolè Leket Ha-written by Roman Rabbi Avraham Zidkijahu well Anavim of the family. In the chapter dealing with standards on public fasts (263) he writes: "since we speak of fasting, we want it to say that fasting is done for a long time in the community of Rome in the week when we read the Torah portion of chukkath (Numbers 19), in memory of the 21 wagons of Jewish books, containing the Talmud and other books , publicly burned in France in 1244 .... " In 1559, the Talmud was one of the books within the 'Index librorum prohibitorum , ie the list of books the reading of which was condemned by the church. The Council of Trent - his goodness - allowing the use of issues "purged" of the Talmud, but this did not prevent the Talmud continues to be "persecuted." A second fire - this time in St. Peter's Square - fu eseguito il 14 dicembre 1601, e comprendeva tutti i libri raccolti nelle case ebraiche e che non era stato possibile “purgare” secondo i dettami della chiesa. Il paradosso era tuttavia che, purgando i libri, si riconosceva che quanto rimaneva era in qualche modo accettabile e quindi non eretico, tanto che la riforma poté farne uso contro la chiesa stessa. Dalla metà del cinquecento il Talmud non venne più stampato in Italia: le confische e i roghi continuarono fino al 1751 quando Benedetto XIV ribadì la proibizione del Talmud e in una notte dell’aprile del 1753 fece perquisire il ghetto, che fu riaperto dopo che ne uscirono 38 carri pieni di sacchi di libri. Si deve attendere il 1810 per ottenere che venisse dato a Roma l’imprimatur the first book printed in Hebrew from 1547, but will be only the Second Vatican Council in 1966 (!) which will abolish the riammetterà Index and the Talmud in the Christian world. The burning of the Talmud by the church raises a number of questions.

What role did the Talmud in not only cultural, but a place in which it came to Jewish identity over time? An answer, albeit partial, gives us the poet and writer of the twentieth century Chajim Nachman Bialik, who, not being an observant jew recognizes the enormous value that has always had the Talmud in the life of the Jewish people as a place to try to forget their worries: if you want to know the source, which have drawn your brothers, who were serenely to their deaths in the days of pain ... and happy to meet death, from the neck to give sharp knife and cleaver tense, to climb the scaffold, or throw himself on the pyre and die holy Spirit in the name of the One ... Go to your nearest the ancient place where you study the law ... and there you will see Jews curved faces wrinkled, prematurely aged, Jews, children of exile, of which they bear the heavy yoke and trying to forget all their worries in the pages worn a Talmud and forgetting their misery ... .. but because the church wanted to destroy the Talmud? We try to provide some answers. First

. A policy conversions that would have happened, had to try to eradicate gli ebrei da quello che era il loro territorio, il loro humus vitale. senza il Talmud - massimo testo di ispirazione per la tradizione ebraica rabbinica - gli ebrei avrebbero perso i propri riferimenti religiosi, e sarebbero divenuti più disponibili alla conversione. Una volta staccato dalla propria cultura, l'ebreo sarebbe stato pronto ad accettare il nuovo “patto”. Per fare questa operazione era necessario, se non bruciare, quanto meno “purgare” e passare un colpo di spugna su tutti i testi che potevano creare qualche problema alla lettura della bibbia secondo il cristianesimo. Ma la medicina ebbe risultati opposti a quelli voluti. Da una parte gli ebrei si attaccarono sempre di più alla tradizione (studiando i testi che rimanevano available), on the other, paradoxically, along with the Talmud, the Index had put on the list also texts that were crucial to understanding the university that prohibited: reading of the Bible (Old and New Testament!) was permitted only under license the Holy Office. The consequences of this repressive cultural policies were harmful to the development of the church and probably had no little influence in the birth and education reform. According

. In many places the doctrine that is clear from the Talmud is quite different from that of the church: the interpretation of prophetic texts about the Messiah, the concept of miracle, the limits allegorical interpretation of texts and precepts (eg l’eliminazione della circoncisione e sua sostituzione con quella del cuore, già prevista dai profeti ma accanto e non in sostituzione di quella fisica), gli scarni e talvolta problematici accenni alla figura stessa di Gesù, che non può essere definito nuovo Mosè ecc.

Terzo. Uno degli aspetti che caratterizza le interpretazioni rabbiniche dei testi biblici – recepite dalla chiesa come distorsioni ed eretiche - è la molteplicità delle idee, è il fatto che ogni interpretazione è legittima se è basata sulle regole ermeneutiche stabilite dalla tradizione. La “democraticità” del Talmud è in aperta dissonanza con l'interpretazione univoca dei testi biblici che la chiesa ufficiale voleva trasmettere the people and plays a decisive role in the emergence of religious tolerance, an idea to come into the world of Christianity. And the Talmud continues to burn. In the hearts and minds of the Jews.

Scialom BAHBOUT
(This article is based in part on The burning of the Talmud rav in Lapworth J. zl published alef DAC 18).

Source: Shalom.it

Playgroung Blueprints

The Talmud is not a unified work but a collection of sayings of many different masters, set out in the course of several generations, almost always at odds' s with each other. It 'a religious, legal, scientific, philosophical, literary, exegetical, homiletic. It 'so great that not surprisingly is called the "sea"

What is the Talmud? And 'the soul of the Jewish people. And 'its essence, is the foundation of its existence. The Jews are Jews by the Talmud. They were born with the Torah (and the rest of the Bible), but grew and became what they are with the Talmud. Yet, the Talmud is not a separate and detached from the Torah, not at all. The Talmud, a word that means "study" is in fact the study of Torah. The written text, as it is by definition the Torah, must necessarily be accompanied da una tradizione orale che indirizzi e determini come il testo va capito, interpretato, applicato. E poiché gli ebrei sono tanti, e notoriamente hanno opinioni diverse gli uni dagli altri, hanno da sempre discusso su quale debba essere l’interpretazione esatta di una norma o di un verso della Torà. Il Talmud è l’elaborazione della “registrazione” di queste discussioni nelle yeshivòt (accademie), protrattesi per circa cinque secoli e messe infine per scritto in due fasi: la prima con la Mishnà, che rabbi Yehudà Hanasì redasse alla fine del II secolo; la seconda, due-tre secoli più tardi, con la Ghemarà (un termine aramaico che significa anch’esso studio), che raccoglie le discussioni masters of the Mishnah, itself become an object of study. The Talmud is the collection of the Mishnah and Gemara, and if they have two separate editors, one from the land of Israel (Talmud Yerushalmi), the other from the Babylonian (Talmud Bavli). United, the two Talmudim amounted to almost 30 encyclopedia-sized volumes.

The Talmud Bavli is larger and considered more authoritative and is the most studied in yeshivoth around the world. The Talmud is a religious, legal, scientific, philosophical, literary, exegetical, homiletic, and so on. is so vast that no accident is called the "sea the Talmud. " It 'hard to find a topic, present or not, that there is not dealt with extensively or at least hints. The Talmud is a huge anthem use of reason. Moni Ovadia, in The jew who laughs (Einaudi), is an example (fictional) of Talmudic disquisitions, taken recently by Daniel Vogelman in My best Jewish jokes (Giuntina) and Donatella Di Cesare on L ' inform the Union Nov. 22: these are the two emerging from the chimney sweeps, one dirty and one clean and one wonders which one is going to wash. The banality of the example should not mislead: the logic is extremely thin, the one that counts, and it's enlightening for us to understand what a typical Talmudic reasoning. What at first glance appears to be the most reasonable conclusion, it can be completely reversed and lead to opposite conclusions. The term Aramaic is ipcha mistabra (im), "is more reasonable to the contrary." In a text about the evolution of living organisms recently written by two authors, one of which Israeli of Polish origin, presumably the heir to a tradition of Talmudic studies in the past centuries, the term is used in the dialogues im at the end of each chapter to indicate opposing arguments that can lead to certain conclusions (Eva Jablonka and Marion Lamb, Evolution in four dimensions, edited by M. Buiatti, Utet).

The Talmud is a fresco of the life of the Jewish people in the land of Israel and Babylonia of 15-20 centuries ago. One of the most famous stories of the Talmud, which was recently the subject of a thorough study by J. Bali, V. Franzinetti and S. Levi Della Torre ( Akhnai The furnace, a Talmudic discussion about the catastrophe , Giuntina), tells of a discussion exchanged between two great masters, Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua, on a certain issue ritual. The first, to demonstrate the validity of this claim invites a stream to reverse its course, and then a locust tree in uprooting, displacement of hundreds of steps further, and the walls of the house of study to tilt. And all this miracle happens, proving that high in the Heavenly Yeshiva, I agree with Rabbi Eliezer. But every time one of these miracles happen, Rabbi Yehoshua, supported by a majority of the other teachers, she stands up and says vehemently that rivers, trees and walls do not have anything to do with the debates among scholars of the law. Finally she heard a voice from heaven which gives explicitly and finally reason to Rabbi Eliezer: then, with a twist, Rabbi Yehoshua cries, citing the Torah itself, "the Torah is not in heaven" (Deut. 30, 12) but is stata data agli uomini, i quali non hanno altro mezzo per dirimere una discussione se non il principio di maggioranza. Al che, conclude il Talmud, il Santo Benedetto avrebbe detto, sorridendo: “i miei figli mi hanno sconfitto, i miei figli mi hanno sconfitto” (tb, Bavà Metzi‘à 59b).

Il Talmud non è un’opera unitaria ma è una raccolta di detti di molti maestri diversi, esposti nel corso di varie generazioni, quasi sempre in contrasto l’uno con l’altro. Il modo con cui la discussione procede è quello delle domande e delle risposte, delle obiezioni e dei tentativi di risolvere le difficoltà, a volte riusciti a volte no. Spesso le domande non hanno una risposta conclusiva: le risposte are less important questions. Writes Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz, the greatest popularizer of the Talmud of our day: "after he likened the Talmudic text, the student must make - to himself or to others - questions about the material studied, to doubt, to make reservations and this is the method of study. From this point of view, the Talmud is perhaps the only holy book in every culture in the world that allows and even encourages questions and complaints by those who attribute to themselves the character of holiness "(What the Talmud, Giuntina, p . 22).

In a famous story tells of Rabbi Yochanan, the greatest scholar of his generation, that one day she was swimming in the Jordan and Lakish Resh, the head (jew) of the local gang of bandits, he plunged with great vigor to attack him. Rabbi Yochanan, not at all afraid, he turned to Resh Lakish with these words: "your strength, dedication to the study of Torah, instead of robbing people." And the other, which lacks the answer ready, he said to Rabbi Yochanan, known for its beauty, "and you may experience your beauty to women" (in another passage from the Talmud says that women, leaving the Miqwè, the ritual bath, jostle to see the good rabbi, with the hope of having children just as beautiful.) The Talmud continues with another hit drama: Rabbi Yochanan dice a Resh Laqish, evidentemente sensibile al fascino femminile, che se sarà disposto a studiare Torà gli farà conoscere sua sorella, più bella di lui stesso. Resh Laqish accetta, diventando in breve tempo, oltre che cognato, l’allievo e il compagno di studio prediletto di Rabbi Yochanan. Ma la storia non si conclude qui. Anni dopo, quando Resh Laqish morì a causa dell’angoscia per un’offesa ricevuta da Rabbi Yochanan, questi si disperava per aver perso il compagno di studio. Gli altri allievi allora gli mandarono il più brillante fra loro, il quale, a ogni affermazione che Rabbi Yochanan faceva, gli portava a sostegno un insegnamento della Mishnà. Al che rabbi Yochanan sbottò e disse: “credi che io non sappia di aver ragione, che tu debba portare prove a mio favore? E tu vorresti forse essere come Resh Laqish? Quando studiavo con lui, a ogni mia affermazione lui mi replicava con 24 obiezioni e io gliele smontavo tutte! E così la conoscenza aumentava” (tb, Bavà Metzi‘à 84a). E’ la discussione, è la critica che sviluppa la conoscenza. Questo è il Talmud!

DAVID GIANFRANCO DI SEGNI
collegio rabbinico italiano
consiglio nazionale delle ricerche

Fonte: Shalom

Tech Deck Oline Games

The Talmud in Italy is growing anti-Semitism and the use of virtual words 'sick'

Shalom pubblica in anteprima l’allarme lanciato dallo studio del CDEC:
aumento sensibile dei siti Judeophobia and the Holocaust deniers and blog.

JAMES KAHN

Sites "deniers, anti-Zionist, or Judeophobia, sites of extreme right and left, Islamists, fundamentalists or Catholics, conspiracy. It 'difficult to quantify the number of contacts, or how many people come into contact with such content, but it is certain that through the internet propaganda and dissemination of intolerant ideas becomes easier. Internet information, organizes, gives structure and relational communication system between these extremist groups and even those anti-Semites. The risk of anti-online is its ability to influence social values, especially among the young. The technology creates a ambiente dove l’antisemitismo o altre forme di odio, diventano accettabili all’interno della società.

E quello che inizia nella comunità on line può poi influenzare i reali comportamenti sociali. Inoltre la facilità con cui si condividono i contenuti in internet espone al rischio che tematizzazioni antisemite vengano lette e accettate come storicamente valide”. e’ questo uno dei passaggi più allarmanti – che shalom pubblica in anteprima – della relazione quadriennale sull'antisemitismo in Italia (2007-2010) che il CDEC (centro di documentazione ebraica contemporanea) ha prodotto in coincidenza con il congresso dell’unione delle comunità ebraiche italiane. Se nel nostro paese gli episodi di violenza antiebraica (atti di vandalismo a istituzioni ebraiche o profanazioni di cimiteri, di graffiti, di e-mail offensive indirizzate a comunità o a istituzioni) sono stati per fortuna pochi e sporadici (53 nel 2007, 69 nel 2008, 53 nel 2009, e una quarantina fino a novembre del 2010), ciò che appare in sensibile crescita è l’antisemitismo su internet. Nel quadriennio 2007/2010 i siti internet italiani con significativi contenuti antiebraici sono sostanzialmente raddoppiati rispetto ai quattro anni precedenti. Nel solo 2009 – secondo i dati forniti dal ministero degli interni – i siti e i gruppi di discussione che hanno diffuso contenuti di natura razzista, scoperti e monitorati dalla Polizia, sono stati 1.200 (erano stati 800 nel 2008, un incremento del 50%). I siti italiani di ispirazione antiebraica – spiega il documento del CDEC – sono stati suddivisi in quattro categorie: i 'principali', cioè quelli che contengono la documentazione antiebraica più ricca, articolata ovvero virulenta (EffeDiEffe, TerraSantaLibera, Web Nostrum, Italia Sociale, Holy War, Radio Islam, Belluccidagos’ Blog, Paulus Lombardus ANTIZOG Il blog politicamente scorretto dell’avvocato Edoardo Longo); gli ‘antisionisti’ correlati al conflitto mediorientale e connotati da un radicale rifiuto dello stato di Israele e del ‘sionismo’ (Agenzia Stampa InfoPal.it, Forum Palestina, Arcipelago, Aginform Correspondence Sheet Communist ARABcomint, Italo-Palestinian Friendship Association Onlus, BoccheScucite, Claudio Moffa, The Writing of Israel Shamir) i 'conspiracist' who read the major historical events and news through the lens of an imaginary plot inspired by the great tentacular 'lobbies' (Misinformation - Truth Beyond the Journal, subliminal messages / Cultural Center St. George, ComeDonChisciotte, New World Order), and finally the 'deniers' (Andrea Carancini, Auschwitz Holocaust Surveys on the scam, Civium Libertas, The destra.info , OLODOGMA, Mattogno Carlo studies, 21 and 33 Freedom of expression, teaching and research, Aaargh, CODOH). The activism of the top Italian anti-Jewish sites - which goes by the update of the newspaper pages, the addition of multimedia documentation - has recently characterized the organization of conferences, from the collection of signatures for the defense of web attacks of the 'Israel Lobby 'and especially the creation of dossiers against perceived enemies, parliamentarians and Alessandro Ruben Fiamma Nirenstein.

"Some sites make a revisionist reading, highly reductionist or anti-Jewish Holocaust - denounced the document - are run by academics Italian (Claudio Moffa, Antonio Caracciolo). At the same time professors Jewish academics (or defined as such) that are subjected to a black list on the blog site of the telescope, where 162 names are common. In Italy there are about 50 spaces online relaunch that explicitly anti-Jewish themes and who spread the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" (found in virtually all languages, and difficult to find even a few years ago on paper because they could only buy in certain specialized libraries), the "Mein Kampf", anti-Jewish pre-war film, and video clips of the 99 Fosse (parodies of famous songs in anti-Semitic). The ease of collecting the worst stereotype of the anti-Jewish faces, and is an element of further concern, with the lack of knowledge that Italians have of the Jews. The CDEC, in collaboration with the ISPO (headed by Professor Renato Mannheimer), a survey commissioned opinion poll showing that 84% of the population does not know personally any jew, some 15% acknowledge that you have met some and only 0.9% claims to know many. There is little knowledge of the Jews, but the opinions expressed are accurate, however:

• there can never be trusted entirely of Jews (18.9%)
• Jews are more loyal to Israel than to the their country (26.0%)
• Jews have been transformed from a people deaths in a population of offenders (26.4%)
• Jews are doing to Palestinians what the Nazis did to the Jews (21.6%)
• underneath the Jews have always lived behind the others (15.1%)
• Jews control the media in many countries around the world (25.35%)
• Italian Jews are not all the way (23.1%)
• Jews move the finance world to their advantage (31.7%)
• Jews always seem to have a disproportionate political power (27.1%) despite
• the conflict the Jews are sensitive to the suffering of the Palestinian people (23.3%)
• Jews talk too much of their tragedies and neglect those of others (30.3%)
• goes round and round the money is always in the hands of Jews (26.7%)
• take advantage of the Nazi extermination Jews to justify Israel's policy (24.5%)

on these reviews also weigh the vicissitudes of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. "For years - says the document CDEC - the main international studies show the correlation between the Middle East crisis (terrorist attacks, wars, etc..) And the growth of anti-Semitism nel mondo”. In particolare a seguito dell’azione militare israeliana a Gaza denominata ‘Piombo fuso’, nel corso del 2009 si è registrato un picco di azioni violente e di manifestazioni di massa anti israeliane e anti ebraiche (1129) che rappresenta un aumento di più del 100% rispetto ai dati del 2008 (che erano state 559). I dati più gravi riguardano la Gran Bretagna (374 rispetto ai 112 del 2008), la Francia (195 rispetto a 50), il Canada (138 rispetto a 13) e gli USA (116 rispetto a 98). “Anche in Italia – ricorda il documento del CDEC – a Roma, Milano, Bologna, Torino, Brescia, Vicenza, vengono organizzate manifestazioni contro Israele promosse da associazioni arabo-islamiche to which thousands of people taking part in much of Arab origin, but also of the Italian social centers and parties of the extreme left. All these events were characterized by a hard-Zionism, the Maghen David has often been joined by the swastika, alongside Palestinian flags appeared also the banner of Hamas, were shouted slogans against the "Nazi-Zionist" and the destruction the Jewish state.

demonstrations in Milan and Bologna have been concluded in the churchyard of the cathedral with a prayer group led by Islamic fundamentalist imam. " In trying to understand this new wave of anti-Semitism worldwide, to counter their growth, to find new monitoring tools, in 2009 the coalition was formed to combat anti-Semitism Inter (ICCA).

Source: Shalom