Monday, January 3, 2011

Record Producer Midi Edition

The Talmud lives despite all the fires we

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scary its democratic views in dissonance with the open-sided and dogmatic interpretation of the biblical texts of other religions.

of Scialom BAHBOUT

Serving Gutenberg! If he had not invented the press, perhaps the church would not have found l'occasione buona per mandare al rogo centinaia di copie del Talmud e di altri libri ebraici. Le due più importanti case editrici veneziane di libri ebraici del XVI secolo, Marcantonio Giustiniani e Aloise Bragadin, avevano stampato contemporaneamente nel 1550 il Mishnè Torà di Maimonide: i due tipografi si accusavano a vicenda, sostenendo che la parte avversa aveva usurpato il proprio diritto in merito alla stampa dell’opera. Con la complicità di alcuni ebrei apostati, la disputa fu portata davanti alla corte papale, ma con l’accusa che i libri ebraici, stampati in quelle tipografie, contenevano offese e attacchi contro il cristianesimo.

Il riferimento era in particolare rivolto al Talmud che era stato printed between 1546 and 1551 in the typography of the Giustiniani. Pope Julius III issued August 12, 1553 (corresponding to two of Elul 5313) a bubble that gave the order to burn both the Babylonian Talmud to Jerusalem. He also banned non-Jews read the Talmud, to possess, have in their libraries and to help Jews to reprint or its transcript. Enacted the bubble, all the Jewish houses were searched and all the Jewish books were taken away without any distinction as cop was able to distinguish a prayer book or a Talmud Pentateuch? In fact, the dispute erupted for the church was an opportunity too good to pass up, and so he decided to to burn all the pairs of the Talmud. Rosh Hashanah was the date set for the stake, a choice that which inspired the Nazis also set in the infamous selection in the days of Jewish holidays.

was September 9, 1553, but it did not end there: fires succeeded in later years in Venice, Anconta, Bologna, Ravenna, Ferrara, Mantua, Urbino, Florence and Cremona (1559). Campo de 'Fiori had an important precedent, the stake in Paris in 1244, who is remembered in Shibbolè Leket Ha-written by Roman Rabbi Avraham Zidkijahu well Anavim of the family. In the chapter dealing with standards on public fasts (263) he writes: "since we speak of fasting, we want it to say that fasting is done for a long time in the community of Rome in the week when we read the Torah portion of chukkath (Numbers 19), in memory of the 21 wagons of Jewish books, containing the Talmud and other books , publicly burned in France in 1244 .... " In 1559, the Talmud was one of the books within the 'Index librorum prohibitorum , ie the list of books the reading of which was condemned by the church. The Council of Trent - his goodness - allowing the use of issues "purged" of the Talmud, but this did not prevent the Talmud continues to be "persecuted." A second fire - this time in St. Peter's Square - fu eseguito il 14 dicembre 1601, e comprendeva tutti i libri raccolti nelle case ebraiche e che non era stato possibile “purgare” secondo i dettami della chiesa. Il paradosso era tuttavia che, purgando i libri, si riconosceva che quanto rimaneva era in qualche modo accettabile e quindi non eretico, tanto che la riforma poté farne uso contro la chiesa stessa. Dalla metà del cinquecento il Talmud non venne più stampato in Italia: le confische e i roghi continuarono fino al 1751 quando Benedetto XIV ribadì la proibizione del Talmud e in una notte dell’aprile del 1753 fece perquisire il ghetto, che fu riaperto dopo che ne uscirono 38 carri pieni di sacchi di libri. Si deve attendere il 1810 per ottenere che venisse dato a Roma l’imprimatur the first book printed in Hebrew from 1547, but will be only the Second Vatican Council in 1966 (!) which will abolish the riammetterà Index and the Talmud in the Christian world. The burning of the Talmud by the church raises a number of questions.

What role did the Talmud in not only cultural, but a place in which it came to Jewish identity over time? An answer, albeit partial, gives us the poet and writer of the twentieth century Chajim Nachman Bialik, who, not being an observant jew recognizes the enormous value that has always had the Talmud in the life of the Jewish people as a place to try to forget their worries: if you want to know the source, which have drawn your brothers, who were serenely to their deaths in the days of pain ... and happy to meet death, from the neck to give sharp knife and cleaver tense, to climb the scaffold, or throw himself on the pyre and die holy Spirit in the name of the One ... Go to your nearest the ancient place where you study the law ... and there you will see Jews curved faces wrinkled, prematurely aged, Jews, children of exile, of which they bear the heavy yoke and trying to forget all their worries in the pages worn a Talmud and forgetting their misery ... .. but because the church wanted to destroy the Talmud? We try to provide some answers. First

. A policy conversions that would have happened, had to try to eradicate gli ebrei da quello che era il loro territorio, il loro humus vitale. senza il Talmud - massimo testo di ispirazione per la tradizione ebraica rabbinica - gli ebrei avrebbero perso i propri riferimenti religiosi, e sarebbero divenuti più disponibili alla conversione. Una volta staccato dalla propria cultura, l'ebreo sarebbe stato pronto ad accettare il nuovo “patto”. Per fare questa operazione era necessario, se non bruciare, quanto meno “purgare” e passare un colpo di spugna su tutti i testi che potevano creare qualche problema alla lettura della bibbia secondo il cristianesimo. Ma la medicina ebbe risultati opposti a quelli voluti. Da una parte gli ebrei si attaccarono sempre di più alla tradizione (studiando i testi che rimanevano available), on the other, paradoxically, along with the Talmud, the Index had put on the list also texts that were crucial to understanding the university that prohibited: reading of the Bible (Old and New Testament!) was permitted only under license the Holy Office. The consequences of this repressive cultural policies were harmful to the development of the church and probably had no little influence in the birth and education reform. According

. In many places the doctrine that is clear from the Talmud is quite different from that of the church: the interpretation of prophetic texts about the Messiah, the concept of miracle, the limits allegorical interpretation of texts and precepts (eg l’eliminazione della circoncisione e sua sostituzione con quella del cuore, già prevista dai profeti ma accanto e non in sostituzione di quella fisica), gli scarni e talvolta problematici accenni alla figura stessa di Gesù, che non può essere definito nuovo Mosè ecc.

Terzo. Uno degli aspetti che caratterizza le interpretazioni rabbiniche dei testi biblici – recepite dalla chiesa come distorsioni ed eretiche - è la molteplicità delle idee, è il fatto che ogni interpretazione è legittima se è basata sulle regole ermeneutiche stabilite dalla tradizione. La “democraticità” del Talmud è in aperta dissonanza con l'interpretazione univoca dei testi biblici che la chiesa ufficiale voleva trasmettere the people and plays a decisive role in the emergence of religious tolerance, an idea to come into the world of Christianity. And the Talmud continues to burn. In the hearts and minds of the Jews.

Scialom BAHBOUT
(This article is based in part on The burning of the Talmud rav in Lapworth J. zl published alef DAC 18).

Source: Shalom.it

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